Pune: City is witnessing a sharp increase in asthma cases, with a nearly 40% rise reported in recent years. Medical professionals link this surge primarily to the city’s deteriorating air quality. A growing number of residents are now visiting hospitals with persistent coughs and respiratory discomfort, which doctors are increasingly diagnosing as asthma.
In outpatient departments (OPDs), doctors note that out of every group of patients presenting with cold and cough symptoms, nearly four to five are being found with asthma—though many are unaware they have it. Lack of awareness and misidentification as common colds or allergies often delays proper diagnosis and treatment.
According to health experts, rapid urbanisation, ongoing construction, and road development activities are major contributors to Pune’s declining air quality. The increased dust and pollution levels are aggravating respiratory conditions, particularly asthma.
Dr. Samrat Shah, a specialist in internal medicine at Apollo Spectra Hospital, explains that asthma is caused by inflammation in the lungs’ airways, making breathing difficult and leading to frequent bouts of coughing. “In many cases, symptoms worsen during the night, while laughing, or during physical activity. Chest tightness, breathlessness, and persistent coughing are warning signs people often overlook,” he said.
He warns that if asthma remains undiagnosed or untreated, it can lead to chronic fatigue, reduced productivity at work or school, and a higher risk of lung infections. Families are also urged to stay vigilant, as asthma can affect multiple members, especially when one is already diagnosed.
Another expert points out that symptoms like an ongoing cough, chest congestion, and throat irritation—particularly when they don’t respond to usual treatments—should not be taken lightly. “Sometimes, the only symptom is a dry cough, and people continue to dismiss it as a seasonal issue. But it might be asthma in disguise,” the expert added.
Dr. Shah advises anyone experiencing frequent sneezing, cold, or worsening cough during seasonal changes to consult a healthcare provider. A range of diagnostic tools—such as spirometry, peak flow meters, and oxygen level tests—can be used to determine lung health and confirm an asthma diagnosis. Chest X-rays and blood tests help eliminate other conditions.
He adds that many people confuse asthma with bronchitis or a regular chest cold, particularly when phlegm or dry cough is present. “Avoiding triggers like dust, smoke, and incense is essential for asthma patients. Smoking or tobacco use should be strictly avoided,” he emphasized.
Doctors recommend raising public awareness and ensuring early detection to effectively manage and control asthma—especially as environmental factors continue to pose challenges to respiratory health.
